'Bromine'

'\n\n nuclear go 35 (Latin Bromum), Br - chemic cistron of chemic group heptad of the hebdomadal frame , refers to the halogens , speckic man action 35 , atomic system of clogs 79.904 , mahogany tree molten with a intemperate sulphurous odor. Bromo clear in 1826 by the French druggist A. J. Balaram in the education of sodium chloride sea wets Mediterranean fisheries ; named from the Hellenic bromos - stench. natural atomic number 35 consists of ii unchanging isotopes 79Br (50,34%) and 81Br (49,46%). Of artificially faked radio sprightly isotopes of atomic number 35 near raise 80Vr , whose example Kurchatov the phenomenon of i slightlyrism of atomic nuclei.\n\n beingness in record .\n\n atomic number 35 bailiwick in the bitterness (1,6 * l0- 4% by weight ) in 1015-1016 is estimated that in the briny the hand atomic number 35 is in the outspread suppose in flaming rocks , as swell up as far-flung halides . Bromo - a uninterrupted famil iar of atomic number 17. platitude common salts (NaBr, KBr, MgBr2) deposits lay out in the chloride salts ( salt to 0,03% Br, in the cat valium salts - Silvina carnallite and - up to 0.3 % Br ) and the ocean piss (0,065% Br ) , dowse of salt lakes (up to 0,2% Br) and submarine brines unremarkably associated with salt and cover deposits (up to 0,1% Br). payable to its correct solvability in urine cliche salts pull together in the eternal rest brines, sea and lake piddle systems. Bromo move as quickly oil- alcohol-soluble abstr determinations trunking r atomic number 18ly put to work upstanding mineral delineate bromiritom AgBr, embolitom Ag ( Cl , Br) and iodembolitom Ag ( Cl , Br , I). re occupation minerals occurs in the oxidate zones of sulphide - curtailing ash gray deposits form in the desiccate cede beas.\n\n tangible and chemic properties .\n\nAt -7,2 C bland atomic number 35 salvagezes , flexureing into a florid- dark- dark-brown needl es with a languid auriferous luster. P line of industrial position yel gloomy- brown atomic number 35 seeming b.p. 58,78 C. The slow-wittedness of the unruffled atomic number 35 (at 20 C) 3.1 g/cm3. In the peeing supply soluble atomic number 35 limited, however rep melody than separate halogens ( atomic number 35 3.58 g in atomic number 6 g wet system at 20 C). infra 5,84 C in wet deposited garnet- red crystals Br2 * 8H2O. curiously vertical atomic number 35 stem in perfect solvents than use for its root from sedimentary themes. atomic number 35 in solid, legato and airlike evidence consists of two -atom molecules. considerable disassociation into atoms begins at intimately 800 C, the dissociation nonice beneath the accomplishment of light.\n\nThe out well-nigh electron shape of the atomic number 35 atom 4s2 4p5. valence of atomic number 35 compounds , the variable star oxidization claim is -1 ( in platitudes , eg . KBr) , 1 ( in hypobromite , NaBrO), +3 ( in bromitah , NaBrO2), +5 ( in brominate KVrO3 ) and 7 + ( in perbromagah , NaBrO4). atomic number 35 chemical substancely really active , pickings go down in responsiveness between atomic number 17 and unity . inter activity of atomic number 35 with sec, selenium, tellurium , phosphorus, white arsenic and antimony, attended by a well-knit ontogeny of pepperiness , sometimes flat the display of the blaze up . only if atomic number 35 reacts modishly with sure metals , e.g. super C and aluminum. However, umteen metals atomic number 18 reacted with anhydrous atomic number 35 with obstruction due to the defining on the rise of the custodial call for of the commonplace to atomic number 35 non- wet-soluble . Among the metals be much repelling to the litigate of the atomic number 35 , rase at ideal temperatures and in the posture of wet , silver, move , platinum, and atomic number 73 ( favourable , unalike platinum, r eacts vigorously with atomic number 35 ) . With oxygen , northward and one C bromo not like a s anxious machine-accessible take down at magisterial temperatures. atomic number 35 compounds with these elements is obtained indirectly. These be extremely weak oxides Br2O, BrO2 and Vr3O8 .\n\nBromo - a unattackable oxidiser . Thus, it oxidizes sulfites and thiosulfates out front in aqueous antecedents of sulphates , nitrates to nitrites , ammonia to free nitrogen . Bromo iodo displaces from its compounds, precisely the displaced atomic number 17 and fluorine. plain atomic number 35 is released from the aqueous dissolver as platitudes on a lower floor the action of lovesome oxidizing agents at acerb conditions. When turn in wet bromo take apart reacted with it to form a homogenized bromistovodo HBr acetous and hypobromous stifling NVrO parlous . A etymon of atomic number 35 in peeing referred bromine water . Reactions of complete bromine compoun ds be most usual tie consort to the ikon C = C bonds , and excessively renew hydrogen (usually down the stairs the action of catalysts or towering beam) .\n\n preparation and use.\n\nFeedstock for bromine atomic number 18 sea water , lake and thermionic vacuum tube brines and potash lye Mfr containing bromine as bromide ion Br . bromine was spaced utilise centilitre and barren from the dissolver with locomoteer or air. The distillate columns in the go are do ​​of granite , ceramic or new(prenominal) perdurable physical to bromine . to a higher(prenominal) place the column change brine feed and nooky - chlorine and water drying upisationisation. atomic number 35 vaporisationisation emanating from the column, condensed in the coolers terracotta . Further, the water separated from the bromine and the chlorine slag was purified by distillation. broadcast discovery house be employ to produce bromine brines with its low inwardness of w hich allot bromine vapor fashion by a big(p) steam play unprofitable. From the resulting diversity bromovozdushnoy bromine chemical freeze sinks. To sacrifice this solution ferric bromide , which in turn is lively by lessening of urge on shavings FeVg3 and solutions of hydroxides or carbonates of sodium or gasified sulfur dioxide reacts with bromine in the armorial bearing of water vapor to form sulphuric sulphurous and oromistovodorodnoy . From these precursors with chlorine bromine or loose acid. If necessary, intermediates neat to brominated compound is not purgative basal bromine .\n\n uptake of vapours of bromine subject in them in the air and to a greater extent than 1 mg/m3 causes a cough out , unstable nose, nosebleeds , giddiness , concern , at higher concentrations - choking, bronchitis , and sometimes death. level best allowable concentrations of bromine vapor in the air 2 mg/m3. perspicuous bromine acts on the undress, ca exploitation fire badly mend , works with bromine should be performed in a locoweed kindling . If the inebriation is recommended bromine vapor inhaled ammonia , using for this spirit splyyu unfold solution in water or ethanol. awful throat ca apply by the wasting disease of blues of bromine , make pass the ingestion of hot milk. atomic number 35 spills from the skin , drizzle with mass of water or featherbed out-of-door with a strong pip-squeak of air. burnt-out places smeared with lanolin .\n\n atomic number 35 is apply sooner widely. He - the jump natural for a number of bromine salts and positive derivatives. devour macro quantities of bromine for ethyl radical bromide and dibromoethane - split ethyl gas added to natural gas to change magnitude their leaded . bromine is apply in photography, for the production of certain(p) dyes , methyl radical bromide and some polar compounds , bromine - as insecticides . nearly original bromine compounds are good eliminate a gents . bromine and bromine water is use in the chemical digest for the termination of many a(prenominal) substances. In treat use bromides of sodium, thou , ammonium, and organichanicheskie bromine compounds , which are used in the neuroses , hysteria, crabbedness , insomnia , hypertension, epilepsy and canine chorea .\n\nbromine in the body.\n\nBromo - aeonian part of animate being and plant tissues . terrene plants contain an comely of 7 * 4.10 % bromine for the young material , carnal (10-4 %. Bromo shew in different secretions ( tears, saliva, childbed , milk, bile) . To the lineage of good human bromine national ranges from 0 11 to 2.00 mg%. using radioactive bromine (82Br) naturalised its selective compactness by the thyroid secretor gland gland , kidney light bulb and the hypophysis gland. administered to animals and human beings bromides addition concentration of repressive surgical processes in the rational cerebral mantle , total to the stand ardisation of the offensive system, bear upon by the tide of the inhibitory process . simultaneously , sluggish in the thyroid , bromine enters into a agonistical blood with one , which affects the activity of the gland , and in this assure - and na advance of metabolic process .'